The Republic of New Afrika's politics of New Afrikan national self-determination profoundly influenced later Black liberation organizations and the broader political-prisoner movement. Its framework — that Black Americans constitute a captive New Afrikan nation with the right to independence — was adopted by activists across the Black liberation underground, and many later prisoners identified as New Afrikan citizens.
Figures shaped by or aligned with RNA politics — among them members of the Black Liberation Army and long-held prisoners such as Mutulu Shakur and Russell Maroon Shoatz — carried the New Afrikan tradition into the decades of political-prisoner organizing that followed. The RNA's insistence on self-determination and reparations remains an influence on Black radical thought today.