Under Stokely Carmichael and then H. Rap Brown, SNCC's call for Black Power made its chairmen the most prosecuted men in America. After Brown's July 1967 speech in Cambridge, Maryland, was blamed for the fire that followed, he was charged with inciting riot and arson and spent the next years under indictment, travel bans, and bail revocations; Congress wrote the federal anti-riot statute — universally called the Rap Brown Act — specifically for him, then used it against the Chicago Eight.
Brown disappeared in 1970 while facing trial (two friends, Ralph Featherstone and William "Che" Payne, died when a bomb destroyed their car near the courthouse), was wounded and captured after a 1971 New York robbery, and served five years in Attica, where he converted to Islam and became Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin.