Beyond the campuses, the crackdown ran through the financial and state-law machinery built by earlier eras. In October 2024 the Treasury Department designated the Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network — the main international support organization for Palestinian prisoners — as a "sham charity" funding terrorism, freezing its U.S. operations and warning donors; congressional committees demanded universities' and nonprofits' funding records, and legislation advanced to let the executive strip any nonprofit's tax status as "terrorist-supporting." The material-support framework perfected on the Holy Land Five two decades earlier stood ready behind the subpoenas.

States supplied their own prosecutions: Michigan's attorney general brought felony cases against University of Michigan encampment protesters — only to drop them in May 2025 amid recusal controversy — while Texas, Florida, and others charged demonstrators under riot and trespass statutes and governors ordered expulsions by decree. Individual defendants — from students charged over sit-ins to activists prosecuted for property actions against weapons manufacturers — populate the era's support lists. Taken together, the designations, funding investigations, and scattered state felonies mark the same strategy the movement has faced since 1903: when speech cannot be convicted, punish the infrastructure that carries it.