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COINTELPRO (1956–1971)
The FBI's Counterintelligence Program targeted civil-rights organizations, the Black Panther Party, the American Indian Movement, the Puerto Rican independence movement, and the New Left through illegal surveillance, infiltration, manufactured evidence, and coordinated prosecutions. Many of the convictions COINTELPRO produced are still being served fifty years later — including those of Mumia Abu-Jamal, Sundiata Acoli, Veronza Bowers, and Ed Poindexter.