Biography
Adolph Frank Germer Born in Welan, East Prussia; emigrated 1888 and entered Illinois coal mines at age eleven. As National Executive Secretary of the Socialist Party (1916–1919) he was the chief enforcer of the party's St. Louis antiwar platform. Co-defendant in the Chicago Trial of Five before Judge Landis; convicted Jan 8, 1919 and sentenced to 20 years. Conviction vacated by Berger v. United States (Jan 31, 1921). Later led the SP "loyalist" faction, broke with the SP in 1923, and in 1935 became John L. Lewis's first CIO field representative.
