Biography
Luigi Galleani Leading insurrectionary anarchist theorist among Italian immigrants in early 20th-century America. From June 6, 1903 edited Cronaca Sovversiva ("Subversive Chronicle") in Barre, Vermont and later Lynn, Massachusetts. His followers, the Galleanisti, carried out the 1919 anarchist bombings and the Wall Street bombing of 1920; Sacco and Vanzetti were Galleanisti. Federal agents shut down Cronaca Sovversiva June 17, 1917. Deported to Italy June 24, 1919 along with eight followers (the "Galleani 9"). In Italy repeatedly imprisoned and exiled under Mussolini until his death 1931.
From Kenyon Zimmer's Red Scare Deportees index (kenyonzimmer.com, compiled from INS deportation case files): Became an anarchist while studying law at the University of Turin. After fleeing police repression in Italy, he lived in France and Switzerland, working with anarchist geographer Élisée Reclus, before being arrested, expelled, and imprisoned in Italy. While confined to the island of Pantelleria, he met his wife Maria. He escaped in 1900 and fled to Egypt and England before immigrating to the United States in 1901.
In the United States, edited La Questione Sociale in Paterson, New Jersey, and led the 1902 silk workers’ strike, for which he was indicted for inciting riot and fled to Canada, then Barre, Vermont, where founded newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva in 1903. Later relocated the paper to Lynn, Massachusetts. Emerged as the leading Italian anarchist proponent of insurrectionary violence. Deported on June 24, 1919, leaving his wife and six children behind.
Upon arrival in Italy, briefly arrested and then relaunched Cronaca Sovversiva in Turin. Imprisoned for sedition in 1922, and again arrested in 1926, serving prison time followed by internal exile. He remained under surveillance until his death in 1931.
