Biography
Founding General Secretary-Treasurer of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (UE) 1936-1962. Phi Beta Kappa Union College. Authored the UE's preamble; central to its policies of refusing Taft-Hartley affidavits and resisting Cold War anti-Communism. July 1950, HUAC cited him and five other UE leaders for contempt of Congress. Convicted; conviction reversed in Emspak v. United States, 349 U.S. 190 (1955), holding his Fifth Amendment invocation was sufficient.