Biography
John J. Toevs was a Mennonite conscientious objector from Minnesota imprisoned during World War I. Court-martialed for refusing military service, he was held at Fort Leavenworth. 26 years of age on May 4, 1918. (Documented in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection's World War I Conscientious Objectors database.) Archival note: sent to Camp Cody; camp psychologist, Moore, listed him as a “stubborn malingerer”; court-martialed & sentenced to Ft. Leavenworth; had a grade 6 education; 26 years of age on May 4, 1918; …
Case
United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth