Grace Carlson

Socialist Workers Party leader and 1940 SWP candidate for U.S. Senate from Minnesota, with a Ph.D. in educational psychology. The only woman convicted in the December 1941 Minneapolis Smith Act trial, she received a 16-month federal sentence and served at the Federal Reformatory for Women in Alderson, West Virginia.

The only woman convicted in the 1941 Minneapolis Smith Act trial. PhD University of Minnesota 1933. Delegate to the SWP's founding 1938 convention; Minnesota state organizer; SWP's vice-presidential candidate 1948. Served 16 months alone at the federal women's prison at Alderson, WV. In 1952 abruptly left the SWP, returned to Catholicism, became a psychology professor advocating social justice as a "Catholic Marxist."