Biography
Robert Simmons was a conscientious objector imprisoned during World War I. Court-martialed for refusing military service, he was held at Alcatraz. (Documented in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection's World War I Conscientious Objectors database.) Archival note: originally from Savannah, Georgia; a religious C.O.; refused to work; beaten etc. by prison personnel; put in solitary confinement at least 3 times; African-American
Case
United States Disciplinary Barracks, Alcatraz
