Biography
Edward J. Kelly was convicted of the September 3, 1875 murder of mine superintendent John P. Jones and hanged at Mauch Chunk on June 21, 1877. The Molly Maguires were a secret society of Irish and Irish-American coal miners in the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania, blamed for a campaign of violence against mine bosses and officials during the labor conflicts of the 1860s–1870s. Twenty men were convicted and hanged between 1877 and 1879 in trials driven by Franklin B. Gowen — president of the Reading Railroad and a major coal operator — and built largely on the testimony of James McParland, a Pinkerton detective who had infiltrated the group. Historians have long regarded the trials, in which a private corporation’s police investigated, its lawyer prosecuted, and coal-company interests shaped the juries, as a grave miscarriage of justice used to crush both the society and the miners’ union.
