Biography
Dalton Trumbo, at the time one of the highest-paid screenwriters in Hollywood and the author of the antiwar novel “Johnny Got His Gun” was one of the “Hollywood Ten,” the screenwriters, directors and producers who in October 1947 were subpoenaed before the House Un-American Activities Committee at the outset of its investigation into alleged Communist influence in the motion-picture industry. All ten refused to answer the committee’s central question — “Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?” — arguing that the inquiry violated their First Amendment rights of belief and association. On November 24, 1947 the House cited them for contempt of Congress; they were convicted the following year, and after John Howard Lawson’s and Trumbo’s appeals failed as test cases and the Supreme Court declined to hear them in 1950, all ten served federal prison terms. Every one of them was blacklisted by the studios under the “Waldorf Statement.” His conviction was the second of the two test cases. After his release Trumbo kept working under pseudonyms and fronts — winning two Academy Awards in secret — and his open screen credits for “Spartacus” and “Exodus” in 1960 are widely credited with breaking the blacklist.
